Electrochemistry Essays

Electrochemistry Essays Electrochemistry Essay Electrochemistry Essay Everything began of nothing. A mustard seed can't be acknowledged until it sprout it leaves and develop tall. I was once similar to a seed and the information fills in as the supplements that help my development. Step by step new information is infused in my brain through encounters and training that I take. Previously, everything was an inquiry and even the inquiries I raised were restricted and shallow. As I gradually took the street and have my pace, questions sprung up and through ordinary learning, they were replied. Nearly everything tumbles to wrong suppositions and hypotheses. Yet, with the assistance of the individuals who made in front of strides, learning was never as troublesome as including the sands in the beach. Information and thoughts stay an exercise except if the person who knows put it into application. Everything that we mastered, everything that I learned and will be found out will be best assessed when it is applied in reality. Indeed, even a solitary exercise has its critical reason. It molds us to be an individual. Before I took this course I felt energized however apprehensive. I was energized that another information is sitting tight for me to learn in someway I was worried about the possibility that that the information will simply go without me gaining from it. At the point when I take a gander at the prospectus, everything is different to me. A few points were recently realized that time. Previously, I take a gander at science as a subject just managing synthetic concoctions and might be helpful for industry and so forth. It went shockingly when I realize that science is likewise valuable in explaining wrongdoings. In deciding a unique mark a silver nitrate is utilized. I used to take a gander at this concoction as helpful just in expelling moles and tattoos. With this new thought, my brain and heart tie. As it were, the theme pushes me or moves me to concentrate more on science. Electrochemistry likewise helped me in the expansion of information. At the point when I take a gander at a vehicle battery, it would seem that an enormous division of cells with a fluid in the middle. I wonder before how those put away vitality are transmitted into another type of vitality. One astonishing piece of it is the response of synthetic compounds to shape such vitality. I was additionally flabbergasted one time when I separate the hydrogen and oxygen from water. I led some investigation about it and discovered that in light of electrolysis and different responses, the hydrogen molecule ties with another hydrogen particle to shape a hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is combustible. It is utilized in air inflatables or aircrafts. Mind the everyday exercises, science forms a specific zone of my character. Because of it I’m not, at this point oblivious to some essential and regular genuine exercises. Speculations are significant in learning. It is the establishment of information. Now and then a specific region or field of study is best learned or learned quicker when placed into application, for example, research center exercises. In this sort of learning, hypotheses are found out as well as envisioned too. One specific zone or action that I like is the point at which I composed a content. Previously, when I saw motion pictures managing science, it truly stunned me. I truly respect how journalists simultaneously learn science when he used to the field of writing, in spite of the fact that it need likewise to have that information to have a great stories. Content composing didn't just improve the manner in which I think yet in addition causes me to get new information. At the point when I scanned for a substance that will utilized as an approach to murder the casualty in the story the procedure made me knew some concoction properties. This action likewise broadens my insight in i nvestigating. In research you should get the most huge data. You should peruse nearly everything that is identified with your subject. One thing that urged me to endeavor is the fun of doing it. It resembles playing, you have just practiced and simultaneously appreciate. Information or training should be pleasant with the goal that it won't just hold however help the procedure much quicker. For instance, the point of solidification of a salt is under zero degrees Celsius and when an ice is blended in with salt the ice will be even cooler.â By this we can't value the significance of suck thought. In the event that you attempt to see some dessert merchants (the individuals who sell frozen yogurt on boulevards without the utilization of cooler) you will see that their frozen yogurt tubes are encircled with ice. Presently attempt to place water in a glass and let it be encircled with ice, the water won't transform into ice. The dessert stays as it is on the grounds that the ice encomp assing it is blended in with salt. It's obvious, that’s the significance of use; you will realize the thought better. At the point when I explored for that content, everything was an exertion. Arrangement of readings and arrangement or data search. In spite of the fact that I was just planned to get the data for that particular movement, I had the option to gain some significant data about synthetic substances and obviously, about science. Another movement that is energizing is the point at which I select an issue that is pertinent to the general public. Numerous issues happen because of absence of data about the day by day movement. In canned items, subsequent to opening the can, the substance ought to be moved to a plastic or non-receptive material in the event that it will be devoured in a later time. At the point when a food is let to be put away in a half day inside the can, it will prompt harming (just a modest quantity of poisonous). A can is made fundamentally out of metal especially the iron. At the point when iron is presented to air it will respond with oxygen and along these lines will g et hurtful to our body. There are additionally issues with the items regarding synthetic compounds utilized. A few synthetic substances are hurtful to our body when taken in a more prominent sum. Like the toothpaste, fluoride can clean the teeth yet with charm a lot of fluoride the hardness of the teeth is reduced. Issues on ecological and cultural territory built up my psychological mindfulness on certain things that are nearly neglected.â Many aptitudes were created as I proceed with the course. My innovativeness was additionally evolved when I composed the content. Expertise in investigating was likewise evolved. This is significant, a decent establishment in exploring is essential for future investigations. My ability in basic reasoning was additionally evolved. Each action, the utilization of my mind fills in as an activity for it to think shrewdly and basically. My ability in directing test was additionally evolved. During research facility exercises, I should follow the str ategies as well as realize the explanation in directing the examination. Interest is the essential issue. Numerous extraordinary researcher created idea and think of the item out of it. My expertise in thinking was likewise evolved. New methods were found out and new thoughts were earned. With it I come up and figured out how to reason out effectively and logically. Before taking this course I just knew not many. My interest is likewise constrained. With this course I had the option to know the more profound side of the subject. I figured out how to research. As what we as a whole know, instruction is a proceeding with process and what is progressively significant is the utilization of information. All we need is astuteness: the correct use of information. Likewise, learning resembles composing an exposition. Everything begins fro a solitary speck, at that point as you go on you won't notice that you previously composed in excess of a page. One thing that is with composing; you can compose boundless thoughts which additionally implies you can get boundless information.

Microeconomics College Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Microeconomics College - Research Paper Example b. level of joblessness: the degree of joblessness is the quantity of laborers short the balance utilized specialists, this will be (12,000 - 7,000)/12,000 * 100 = 41.67% c. the lowest pay permitted by law is set at 11 every hour, Servers will labor for 6000 hours of the month d. the lowest pay permitted by law set at 11 every hour Joblessness: (12,000 - 6000)/6000 * 100 = half e. the lowest pay permitted by law at 12 every hour: Joblessness: (12,000 - 8000)/12,000 * 100 = 33.33% Work: (6000/10000)*100 = 60% f. the lowest pay permitted by law is set at 12 every hour and request diminished by 2,000 Pay rate to servers: The lowest pay permitted by law will be 12 every hour, anyway the new harmony will be at 11 dollars for each hour. Long periods of work jobless: The business will be 6000; in this manner the joblessness is 6000 hours. CT 1(text, p151) Impact of instruction on records downloaded every week. The film business is worried about the impact of appropriation of broadband web that permit clients to download pilfered motion pictures, the choice is to decrease the quantity of pilfered motion pictures downloaded every week through training, hence instruction is relied upon to lessen the quantity of pilfered motion pictures downloaded every week. CT 2 (content, p151) Forcing charge on downloaded motion pictures: From the above diagram it is apparent that the an expense will build the cost of unlawful downloads, the flexibly bend shifts from gracefully bend 1 to gracefully bend 2, accordingly the balance amount will decay from Q1 to Q2. Section 9: P 12 (content, p222) a. normal complete expense plant 1 plant 2 plant 3 plant 4 1 7.5 6.25 6.363636 6.923077 2 5 5 5.333333 5.882353 3 3.846154 4.66666667 5 5.5 4 4.615385 4.70588235 5 5.454545 b. since a long time ago run cost bend: c. economies of scale: Economies of scale are acknowledged for the range 60 to 75 units delivered. d. number of stoves: the since quite a while ago run normal cost bend delineates... Water is an asset and from the article it is clear that the flexibly level is 23 gigaliters for every year, so as to designate water financially so that we recover the water than the water will originate from the most reduced worth uses, this announcement implies that the least worth water clients ought to be disheartened to utilize the water and the most elevated worth water clients urged to utilize the water, in this manner the there will be a decrease in the water accessible to the least worth water clients. From the above table so as to recover the water there ought to be a decrease in the water utilized by the most reduced worth clients and this must be accomplished through the expansion of the cost of water per liter which should be possible through tax assessment. The film business is worried about the impact of selection of broadband web that permit clients to download pilfered motion pictures, the choice is to decrease the quantity of pilfered motion pictures downloaded every week through instruction, in this manner training is relied upon to lessen the quantity of pilfered motion pictures downloaded every week. From the above diagram it is obvious that the a duty will expand the cost of unlawful downloads, the gracefully bend shifts from flexibly bend 1 to flexibly bend 2, thus the harmony amount will decay from Q1 to Q2. the since a long time ago run normal cost bend portrays the normal expense of creation as the firm grows, from the over the since quite a while ago run will help acknowledgment of economies of scale and th

Opera 11 Is Now Available For Download [Alpha]

Opera 11 Is Now Available For Download [Alpha] Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Opera 11 Is Now Available For Download [Alpha]Updated On 23/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : OperaShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozgbt4 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogOpera launched the first alpha version of Opera 11 quite recently. Opera 11 [Alpha] is the companys first version of its desktop browser with support for extensions. The company released Opera 11 alpha for Windows, Mac, and Linux to the public. Earlier Opera 10.53 Beta was available for download.Opera 11 Alpha uses new version of Operas layout engine. With the help of extensions, now Opera users will be able to customize their browser functionality by adding several features directly into the browser. They dont need to try standalone Opera Widgets or Opera Unite applications.Developers can now create extensions using open standards such as HTML5, CSS, JavaScript, and supported APIs. Opera issued a warni ng to its users before downloading the alpha version. As the browser is not feature complete, Opera recommended users to backup their systems before installing the new browser.Download Opera 11 Alpha [here]READExperimental: A HTML5 Premium Blogger Template

Activity Theory of Aging Essay - 4128 Words

RUNNING HEAD: ACTIVITY THEORY Activity Theory of Aging Long Island University-C.W. Post Campus Jennifer L. Bifulco Throughout this semester we have come across many psychological and social theories. From Vaillant’s aging well, to Erikson’s life stages, to Leont’ev’s activity theory, there is a lot to learn and to understand. For the purpose of this paper, I am going to focus on the Activity Theory of aging. After some thorough research on this topic I was able to come up with some great information about this theory that I will incorporate into this paper and make you understand the theory that way that I understand it. Activity Theory (AT) was initially developed by Leont’ev during the twentieth century in the former†¦show more content†¦The third principle is mediation. The Activity Theory states that human activity is mediated by tools. Tools are created during the development of the activity itself and they carry a certain culture. Tool use influences the nature of external behavior and also the mental functioning of each person. The fourth principle is the hierarchical structure of activity. The hierarchy has three levels; activity, action, and operation. Figure 1. Below shows Leont’ev’s structure of human activity. Activities can be broken down into goal-directed actions that have to be undertaken in order to satisfy the object. Actions are conscious and happen automatically. The Activity Theory maintains the elements of the activity. The elements are not fixed but they can change as conditions change. The last principle is development. In Activity Theory, development is not only an object of study, it is also a research method. Research methods in AT is not comprised of actual lab experiments, but the experience of active participation and the monitoring of developmental changes of the study participants. All of the five principles should be looked at as a whole system, because they are associated with various aspects of the whole activity. ACTIVITY --------( MOTIVE ACTION --------( GOAL OPERATION --------( CONDITIONS Fig. 1 The Structure of Human Activity An activity is started by a motive such as a need or a drive. An activity is made up ofShow MoreRelatedThe Activity Theory Of Aging933 Words   |  4 Pages1) The article from The Gerontologist supports the activity theory of aging. This states that as people age, it is very important for them to be engaged in various activities and social roles. As described in the lecture, studies have shown that those who stay involved have less signs of depression and have a lesser decline in mental health. In addition, they are considered more competent than others in their age group by the general population since they are actively participating in society. TheRead MoreSociological Aging : A Sociological Perspective Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesSociological Aging Social aging is referring to the changes in individual’s roles and relationship in the society as they age. There are many different theories concerning sociological aging. Social theories on aging examine the relationship between individual experiences and social institutions e.g., aging and retirement; aging and institutional care; aging and government policy etc (Barkan 2012). All have limitations, and some can be considered more than others when attempting to understand socialRead MoreTheoretical Perspective on Aging Hcs/548 Essays1183 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE ON AGING Theoretical Perspective on Aging Rachael Porchia HCS/548 September 3, 2012 Deborah Ayers Theoretical Perspective on Aging The study of aging has not been around long. Aging is natural, and occurs during an individual’s lifetime. Essentially, no one can escape the aging process many individuals 60 and over are in good health, and hold his or her independence status. However, some individuals over 60 experiencesRead MoreDisengagement Theory Is The First Formal Theory Of Aging873 Words   |  4 PagesDisengagement theory is the first formal theory of aging. It was first proposed in 1961 by Elaine Cumming and William Hendry. They both were researchers from the University of Chicago. The two developed their theory in their book Growing Old: The Process of Disengagement. In the book they criticized the implicit theory that people can adjust, be satisfied, and happy in old age. They can also be physically involved and remain active throughout their lives. â€Å"Cumming and Henry argued that normal aging involvesRead MoreThe Theory Of An Assisted Living Home909 Words   |  4 Pagesof aging that a re continuously being looked at and studied. Through a process of studies on the aging, those who study gerontology can make conclusions about the elderly and their behaviors. These conclusions, or theories, can be applied to many different disciplines of gerontology. One particular discipline of interest is the role of activities in institutional living facilities. Two theories that are applicable to the role or impact of activities are activity theory and disengagement theory. Read MoreExplain Factors Influencing Ageing, and Explain Ways in Which Health and Social Care Workers Support the Independence and Wellbeing of Older People.980 Words   |  4 PagesP1 explain theories of ageing. In this assignment I will be explain 4 theories and link it to a scenario that was given by the teacher in class. Sociological/psychological theories; * Disengagement theory * Activity theory Biological theories: * Genetically programmed theory * Disposable soma theory * Disengagement theory This theory Cumming and Henry in 1961 suggests that when Andy is to get older he will withdraw from the society in preparation for death and this couldRead MoreTheory of Successful Aging1648 Words   |  7 PagesTheory Of Successful Aging INTERNAL CRITICISM Adequacy: The Flood’s Theory of Successful Aging (Flood, 2005) was developed to addresses a nursing theory for care of the older adult regarding to the lack of nursing theory that offers clearly delineated guidelines for care of aging. Flood’s(2002) unique definition of successful aging among other explanations includes mental, physical, and spiritual elements of the aging person and emphasizing the individuals self appraisal. She used existing knowledgeRead MoreThe Aging Process For The Older Adults Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pages Successful Aging Paper Albatul Albulayhi University of the Incarnate Word â€Æ' Successful Aging Paper Aging is inevitable; as people age in the second half of life, the body often faces some challenges mentally and physically. Aging was defined by Robert Arking (1998), as a â€Å" Time-dependent series of cumulative, progressive, intrinsic, and harmful changes that begin to manifest at reproductive maturity and eventually end in death† (p. 520). The aging process for the older adults is influenced byRead MoreAn Accurate Plan Of Care For Older Adults1522 Words   |  7 PagesAs individuals age changes occur physiologically that are part of normal aging. These changes occur in all organ systems and can impact an individual’s quality of life. The changes related to aging can be attributed to an individual’s genetic make up, lifestyle, physical activity, and dietary lifestyle. Being able to differentiate between normal changes in aging against disease process is important because it can help clinicians develop a plan of care (Boltz, Capezuti, Fulmer, Zwicker, 2012) . CreatingRead MoreEssay about Growing Old1073 Words   |  5 Pageswill go through the aging process. However, how well each endures that process depends on the individual. After my Visit at English Oaks Convalescent Home, a skilled nursing facility for adults’ age 55 and older, I found this to be true. During my visit, I conversed with many â€Å"residents† whom were alert and oriented and very aware of the aging process. We conversed about the process of aging and the factors that appear to account for a longer life. We talked about adjusting to aging as well as the positives

Essay Exploring Suicide - 3200 Words

Exploring Suicide The natural end of every human life is death. Some people, for reasons that have never been fully understood, choose to end their own lives. This is called suicide, which means literally ?self-killing?. For all the uncertainty that has surrounded the phenomenon of suicide, this assessment of the problem is probably as accurate as any. The individual seemingly hopeless conflict with the world, decides to end his or her existence in what amounts to a final assault against a society that can no longer be tolerated. In so doing, the person tries to obtain a final revenge on everything and everyone that has caused their feelings of depression. Attempts at suicide, and suicidal thoughts of feelings are usually symptom†¦show more content†¦Suicide is not spoken much and is a topic that needed to be explored. Statistics on suicide attempts changes rapidly, that none can be stated with accuracy. To further understand suicide, we must take a look at the different reasons behind the act itself. Suicide in not a genetic disease, but rather a series of events that are very depressing or stressful. Without depression, most people would not attempt to take their own lives. Attitudes toward suicide vary from age to age and from civilization to civilization. Suicide is a serious problem in today?s society. Suicide is most common in teenagers and suicide also claims the lives of many adults. Suicide does not happen frequently but is highly recognized when it does happen. There are many solutions for people who feel that they have no choice but to commit suicide. Finding a solution can be easy as to taking a prescribed drug from a doctor. They?re many doctors that are trained to help people who are on the verge of suicide. People, who have experienced helplessness and hopelessness, see their lives as empty of meaning. People, who are hostile, want to punish people they see as villains and forget that the villain is even in existence. Some suicides can be accidental. Person may want to manipulate themselves to make people realize what they want or need. In doing so that person could accidentally go too far and kill himself or herself when they actually didn?t want to die. Drug abuse is another cause of suicide. TheShow MoreRelatedExploring Suicide Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesExploring Suicide Works Cited Not Included Durkheim became interested in the subject of suicide while in France in the late 1880’s, he offered a series of lectures to the public and later published what was his third major work ‘le suicide’ in 1897. ‘Le Suicide’ is of great importance because it is his first serious effort to establish empiricism in sociology, an empiricism that would Read MoreThe Gender Paradox Of Suicidal Behavior899 Words   |  4 Pagessignificant disparity in suicide rates between males and females; more specifically, the rates of attempted and completed suicides are unbalanced. Studies conducted by CDC in 2015 show that males are nearly four times as successful in completion of suicide than females; however, the prevalence of suicidal thoughts is much higher among females than it is among males as shown in the 2013 research by SAMHSA (29). So if women are more likely to experience suicidal thoughts and attempt suicide, why are men moreRead MoreSuicide Rates Among Youths Aged890 Words   |  4 PagesSuicide rates among youths aged 15-24 tripled over the past half-century suggesting a public health crisis in this community.4,16 Many general studies of the youth community are in existence, but to create an action plan, the individual risk factors and characteristics ne ed to be better understood. One risk factor of particular interest is sexual orientation. Studies suggest an increased risk of suicidality in sexual minority youth (SMY) and the purpose of this paper is to better understand thisRead MoreEvaluation Of Suicide Risk Assessment Essay995 Words   |  4 Pagesobserve changes, progress, and monitor risks. Especially, suicide risk assessment is a gateway to patient treatment and management. The purpose of suicide risk assessment is to identify treatable and modifiable risks and protective factors that inform the patient’s treatment and safety management requirements. I got insight into how important it is to document suicide risk assessments with sufficient information. Documentation of suicide risk assessments facilitates continuity of care and promotesRead MoreThe Effects Of Depression On Health Issues And Promote People s Wellbeing Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves and this could lead to suicide. Since their safety is at risk, it’s essential to figure ways on how to promote their recovery. Although depression can not be easily treated, there are several ways to help guide them through this illness. For instance, there are many helpful sources that bring awareness to health issues and promote people’s wellbeing. Scope Since in most cases of depression people have suicidal thoughts or attempt to commit suicide, health providers believeRead MoreMorality in Ethan Frome Essay examples705 Words   |  3 Pageson them, throughout the story. Frome acknowledges his dilemma of running away with Mattie or staying with Zeena, but is inefficient in seeing past the initial consequences of each choice and exploring other possibilities of escape besides the basic. Ethan’s central decision in the book, to commit suicide with Mattie, is made with free will; although it is Mattie’s idea, Ethan agrees and takes the reins in the front of the sled. Although Ethan Frome is a broken man perpetually frozen in a bleakRead More Essay on The Awakening733 Words   |  3 Pagesnovel.   Reading through others interpretations of her novel has also brought forth new concepts to look at again.   In An American Madame Bovary, Cyrille Arnavon argues that â€Å"there seems to be insufficient justification for Edna’s ‘romantic’ suicide, and this is the main weakness of this fine novel† (185).   Throughout the book, Edna is portrayed as a strong woman emerging from sleep and making her mark on the world.   She starts earning her own money and moves out of her husband’s home into aRead MoreFactors Contributing Factors Affecting The Lives Of The Native American1337 Words   |  6 Pagesadolescence into adulthood (cdc.gov). Adverse events in the life of the Native American (NA) begin with existing in rural areas, on a reservation with uncertain socioeconomic growth. For all NA residents, reservation life has considerable exposure to suicide and is one of the many contributing factors to its occurrence and the rising epidemic (Bazrafshan, Sharif, Molazem, Mani, 2016). Numerous risk factors for suicidal ideation, attempt and completion can vary across age groups, cultures, sex, andRead MoreEvaluation Of A Psychiatric Treatment1610 Words   |  7 Pagessuicidal plan already attempted, I would recommend to her family that I be allowed to refer her to be immediately hospitalized for a minimum of 48 hours under the psychiatric care of her psychiatrist. I would require that she is placed on a one-to-one suicide watch either by a RN or mental aide technician while at the psychiatric hospital. I would also propose that if she is taken off the recommended treatment due to clinical improvement she must be regularly monitor according to hospital procedures. Read MoreSuicide Among Adolescents And College Students1649 Words   |  7 PagesSuicide among adolescents and college students has become a major problem in the United States. In the last few years there has been a steady increase in the number of suicides on college campuses in the United States. In the United States suicide is the third leading cause of death among persons aged 15-24 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). A study conducted by the University of Virginia suggests that more college students die as a result of suicide than alcohol abuse (Turner

The Pollution Of The San Joaquin Valley - 1298 Words

The Water In The Valley. If the water is contaminated by the airborne pollutants, whether by depositing through direct water surface contact or by depositing on land and being carried to water bodies through run off, the residents will face problems. Once in the water, these pollutants can cause the fish to poison people upon consumption, or the fish could die out. Harmful algal blooms could occur; the water will become contaminated and unsafe to drink. This might seem like an exaggeration but in the San Joaquin Valley, the threat is very real. One might say that the people of the San Joaquin Valley may depend on water more than people elsewhere. The residents need water more because many of them depend on having enough water for their jobs, not just for their consumption. Being one of the top agricultural industries, the San Joaquin Valley residents need to have plenty of water for their industry of choice, whether is be for watering their crops or keeping the cows food (grass) ali ve, to ensure that they will be able to bring in profit to the valley and be able to feed themselves and their families. One of the reasons why the San Joaquin Valley is highly susceptible to water contamination is because of agriculture pesticides such as the nitrogen-based fertilizer called â€Å"nitrate.† Nitrates, once they ve entered the body, are converted to â€Å"nitrites† (Basic Info. About Nitrate in Drinking Water). If a baby younger than six months consumes water with more nitrate than theShow MoreRelatedSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Essay2054 Words   |  9 PagesTopic: San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District (SJVUAPCD) Residential Wood Burning Rule 4901 What is the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District (SJVUAPCD) Residential Wood Burning Rule 4901? Review the rule identifying amendments, exemptions, requirements, penalties and incentive programs. Include in your answer a review of the US EPA Wood stove certification program, which is an integral component of Rule 4901. Last, review the intent of the rule withRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Heart Of California1736 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent years, California’s Central Valley has gone from being America’s breadbasket to a near-dystopian wasteland—a landscape beset with air pollution with strikingly diverse causes. Five of the ten most polluted American cities can be found in this region (Wheeler, Morris and Gordon). This is not surprising given the host of actual and potential causes of air pollution problem in the heart of California. Ground level ozone is a major type of pollution in the Valley that primarily causes summertime Read MoreThe Fight For Clean Drinking Water1390 Words   |  6 Pagesunmet and the purpose of the Safe Water Drinking Act unfulfilled as minority dominant and poor communities often have the most severe and pervasive health violations of their drinking water. Unfortunately, this occurs right here in the San Joaquin Valley. The Valley demonstrates environmental injustice in the types of communities that experience nitrate contamination, the cost and source of water for farmers, and in the communities’ efforts and abilities to fix their water issues. EnvironmentalRead MoreMy Pediatrician Diagnosed Me With Athletic Asthma2266 Words   |  10 PagesI grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area, most of my childhood I felt very healthy. However around the age of 10 my pediatrician diagnosed me with Athletic Asthma. It is a specific type of Asthma that only occurs when engaging in strenuous activity or having an increased breathing rate. In 2009 I decided to move to Fresno, while I knew other people in the bay area who suffered from Asthma it shocked me to learn how prevalent it was in central California, particularly in Fresno. Quite often peopleRead MoreWhat Is The Relationship Between Vocs And Nox?846 Words   |  4 Pagesexplore the relationship between VOCs and NOx in specific regions, analyzing the sources and the potential improvements. The UC Berkeley based team of Pusede and Cohen (2012)8 explored the effects of nitrogen oxides and VOC reactivity in the San Joaquin Valley California. Using 16 years of statistical based data collection from 1995-2011, they were able to draw some conclusions about the regions ozone cycle. First of their major findings was that they came across three separate pathways to decreaseRead MoreCalifornia Laws Have Very High Support For Advanced Biofuel Development1060 Words   |  5 Pagesethanol is considered the largest potential source of biofuel in the near future. This would eliminate the need to rely on other countries for fuel when the U.S. can establish their own industry. The positive externalities would be more jobs and less pollution in America. However, the process of converting plant-life into ethanol is much more difficult that it is for starch to become ethanol. Consumers may yet face exceedingly high prices for cellulosic ethanol from within U.S. borders. Beginning JanuaryRead MoreAir Pollution : Factors Responsible For Poor Air Quality1039 Words   |  5 PagesCentral Valley contains the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valley, stretching from Redding to Bakersfield, which is the home to millions of residents. It was named as the Central Valley because its geographical location is in the center of the state of California which is surrounded by mountain ranges. The bowl shaped valley contains all the emissions and activities that the residents cause from travelling to work and other places. Not only does the Central Valley get its pollution from the valley, butRead MoreAir Pollution : Causes, Economic, Social, And Health Impacts2113 Words   |  9 PagesOver the past few years, air pollution has been one of the major problems encountered in the California central valley. The Central Valley, also called as the Great Valley of California, is comprised of approximately about 20, 000 square miles. It is consisted of two parts, the northern po rtion is called the Sacramento Valley and the southern portion is called the San Joaquin Valley (U.S.). There are several factors that could have contributed to the amount of air pollution in the air, some of whichRead MoreCarbon Monoxide And Its Effects On The Environment1677 Words   |  7 Pages2016). Ecological and Economic Costs As discussed, it is known that global warming is an environmental cost of carbon monoxide. On a smaller scale, the Central Valley in California or San Joaquin Valley is subjected to the emissions of carbon monoxide and a perfect model of ecological costs of carbon monoxide. Imagine the Central Valley as a fish bowl. It is surrounded by mountains, no coastal winds blowing through it, and has lack of precipitation. The carbon monoxide factors such as farm equipmentRead MoreThe Problems Involving Water Management And Resources1456 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States. Government during this period focused on building dams, waterways, waste water treatment plants and water treatment plants. This emphasis in construction changed the agricultural profile of California’s sunny and fertile Central Valley. However, these structures are old and in need of urgent repairs and improvements to turn them into more efficient facilities. To be more precise, solutions need to be found and a ctions must be taken wisely. For example, in years of drought, these

Mt. Everest case study free essay sample

At the time of the 1996 attempt to summit Mount Everest, Adventure Consultants was a four-year old company that had enjoyed financial success in spite of the death of one of its’ cofounders, Gary Ball. Mountain Madness, founded by Scott Fischer in 1984 was an older, but somewhat less successful, company. In retrospect, the adverse weather conditions, combined with logistical and other issues during the time preceding the ascent, combined to form a very challenging external environment for both teams. Each group possessed strengths and weaknesses and had both opportunities and threats present, but the greatest threat faced by each team member was the possibility of death. Corporate and business level strategies for each company included using strategic spacing of guides during the ascent, the use of technology to aid in the mission, and a defined turnaround time to lessen the chances of being trapped on the mountain after dark. The structure and control systems of each company were focused on their leaders, Hall and Fischer. Due to some poor decisions made during the summit attempt and a lack of delegation by either leader, these systems ultimately failed, leaving the team members in danger. One major recommendation that may have saved lives would be to have adhered to an agreed-upon turnaround time in order to avoid descending from the summit at night. History, Development, and Growth of Companies Over Time At the time of the 1996 attempt to summit Mount Everest, Adventure Consultants was a four-year old company that had enjoyed financial success in spite of the death of one of its’ cofounders, Gary Ball. Mountain Madness, founded by Scott Fischer in 1984 was an older, but somewhat less successful, company. Each of the two groups in the case study had at least some team members who had high-altitude mountain climbing experience and had a good reputation in climbing. However, more and more climbers with little or no experience in climbing began to aspire to reach the summit of Mount Everest. The main reason why people wanted to conquer Mount Everest was that this mountain is very famous because it stands at 8,850 meters above sea level and it is one of the most challenging mountains in the world to climb. Based on this high level of challenge, climbers know that, once they reach the peak, they will have cemented their reputation because not many people have successfully summited Everest. The two companies, Mountain Madness and Adventure Consultants, described in the case study, were started because some expert mountaineers decided to become guides to lead people to reach the top of Everest. This provided the founders of these companies with not only a good opportunity to earn money, but also the chance to help people who want to conquer Everest make their dreams come true. Each of these two companies had a professional leader, assistants, and auxiliary personnel. The company leaders were full of experience and they felt comfortable that they were familiar with the extreme and challenging environment on Mount Everest. However, for a number of different reasons and also due to the leadership styles employed by Hall and Fischer, the captains of each of the two groups, the 1996 expeditions resulted in very unfortunate consequences (Roberto Carioggia, 2003). Identification of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Each Company Adventure Consultants Adventure Consultants was founded in 1992 by Rob Hall and Gary Ball. After Ball’s death, Hall continued to lead the company, including leading expeditions to climb Everest. One of the main strengths of the Adventure Consultants group was the professional mountaineering experience of Rob Hall. However, one of the primary weaknesses of this team was that Hall’s clients were less experienced or not experienced in climbing high-altitude mountains. Another potential weakness of the Adventure Consultants team was that Hall also charged the highest fee to guide his clients on their summit bid to Everest (Roberto Carioggia, 2003). This may have increased the pressure to succeed on Hall, one weakness that could have led to him ignoring the turnaround time rule that he put into place. On the other hand, some clients might have considered this a strength, as it indicated that Hall had more confidence to lead people who didn’t have any experience to successfully reach the peak of Everest. Another potential weakness of the Adventure Consultants team was the somewhat dictatorial managerial style used by Hall, which led to his inability to successfully delegate tasks, another weakness exposed on the summit attempt. Mountain Madness Scott Fischer founded Mountain Madness in 1984. In terms of experience, Fischer climbed up to the peak in Everest in 1994 without supplemental oxygen. This is the primary reason (and strength) why Fischer had confidence that he could handle the extreme environment on Everest. Scott Fischer was known as an ambitious and charismatic personality; that is to say Fischer was emotional in his leadership. While this is a potential strength, his desire for recognition from his peers, especially in retrospective analysis of the outcome of the 1996 expeditions, was a weakness that may have led to his poor decision making during the summit attempt. Another strength of the Mountain Madness team was that several of the clients and guides had at least some experience in high-altitude mountain climbing . In addition, Fischer also hired eight Sherpas to assist the whole team. Even though Fischer was very confident of his ability and that of his customers, this confidence alone did not guarantee the success of the Mountain Madness team in this challenge. Fischer’s overconfidence in his abilities is another example of a weakness. Nature of the External Environment Surrounding the Company Any analysis of the nature of the external environment surrounding the companies involving in attempting to summit Mount Everest in the spring of 1996 must, of necessity, include the actual environmental, or weather, conditions that confronted these climbers. The climate of the upper reaches of Mount Everest is extreme enough that it prevents sustained human occupation (Ludecke Kuhle, 1991). In other words, members of both the Mountain Madness and Adventure Consultants teams, in spite of their previous experiences, were intentionally putting themselves into one of the most severe and challenging weather environments on Earth. As noted by Anatoli Boukreev, one of the guides on the Mountain Madness team, good weather is one of the critical requirements needed for a successful summit of Mount Everest (Boukreev DeWalt, 1999). The two expeditions targeted the early days of May for their summit attempts due to the fact that this time frame seemed to provide the best possibility for mild weather conditions at the higher altitudes of the mountain. Leaders of both teams recognized that there existed only a brief window of opportunity poised between the strong winds that typically occurred each April and the rainy season that would come later in the spring. The decision to select this timing was, in large part, based on the past several years of collective experience on the upper altitudes of the mountain. During the early 1990s, those attempting to ascend Mount Everest had enjoyed relatively calm weather conditions during each climbing season. However, this had not always been the case. As noted by David Breashears, who successfully summited Everest previously, there were times in the more distant past in which harsh weather conditions on the mountain prevented climbing attempts for entire seasons (Coburn, 1997). While there is no single factor that can be blamed for the tragic outcome that occurred in 1996, there is no doubt that adverse weather conditions played a key role. Other environmental factors also played a role in the catastrophic failure of these two climbing teams, as well. These factors include the polluted air and unsanitary conditions in the villages in which members of the teams stayed on their way up the mountain. Exposure to these conditions led to multiple team members becoming ill, which had a negative impact on team performance. Another major issue had to do with the logistics of the supplies for the Fischer team (Mountain Madness). Shipping delays, weather-related issues, and other problems slowed the delivery of critical supplies and diverted Fischer’s energy and attention at the beginning of the expedition, a critical time during which the team leader should have been involved in preparing and acclimating his team. These diversions prevented Fischer from focusing his full attention and energy on the successful preparation of his team, another factor that, in retrospect, proved to have a very deleterious effect on the success of the mission. SWOT analysis Strengths The primary strengths, or distinctive competencies (Griffin, 2011), of each of the two teams were focused in the high-altitude climbing skills and expertise of their leaders and guides, although this was offset somewhat by the lack of experience of some of the clients who were part of each group. Another notable strength of the teams was their attitude regarding the summit attempt and confidence that they would be successful in their efforts. This is demonstrated in both Hall’s offering of a 100% guarantee policy and by Fischer’s response to a journalist prior to his departure: I believe 100 percent that I’m coming back. My wife believes 100 percent that I’m coming back. She isn’t concerned about me at all when I’m guiding because I’m [going to] make all the right choices. When accidents happen, I think it’s always human error. So that’s what I want to eliminate. (Krakauer, 1998) Weaknesses The primary weaknesses of the two teams centered on the overconfidence of the team leaders in their ability to successfully lead groups of inexperienced, physically unfit, ill-prepared climbers to the summit of Mount Everest and safely back again. Another key weakness exposed during this ordeal was that the performance of each team was ultimately only as good as the performance of the â€Å"weakest link† of each team, a critical factor when so many team members lacked experience in high-altitude climbing. Another weakness was the lack of the efficient use of technology during the climb. Having a greater number of phones available for group members might have facilitated communication during the descent and the presence of lighter, more current, phones would have lightened the loads that were being carried. Finally, one critical weakness outlined in the case study was the lack of clarity regarding the turnaround time rule. Given the lack of adherence to this rule exhibited by both teams, perhaps simply being clearer may not have made a difference in the tragic outcome. However, given the nature of the potential dangers, both Hall and Fischer should have drawn a clear line for the turnaround time, ensured that each team member understood the critical importance of this deadline, and then rigidly enforced to this cutoff time for the sake of the safety of each group. Opportunities The primary opportunities present for each group involved the chance for the less-experienced team members to work with and learn from some of the best high-altitude climbers in the world. Another key opportunity was the involvement of the Sherpas, many of whom demonstrated heroic efforts to assist the teams in their attempt to reach the summit and return safely. For example, the case study notes that Lopsang Jangbu personally towed client Pittman for six hours after leaving Camp IV. Other Sherpas, upon learning that both teams were in danger during the descent, left Camp IV in extremely poor weather conditions in attempts to find and rescue members of both teams. Threats The adverse weather conditions, as noted earlier, served as a primary threat to the success of the mission of each team. Another threat present, but perhaps not emphasized, was the pressure that each team leader felt to succeed. In part, this pressure arose from the pride and egos involved. However, it also involved the amount of time and financial resources expended in making a summit attempt, as well as the competition between the two teams and their leaders. Finally, the threat that ultimately claimed the lives of five of the members of the two teams was an existential one: death. Corporate Level Strategy Adventure Consultants Founded in 1992 by Rob Hall and his partner Gary Bell, Adventure Consultants was in the business of guiding individuals to the top of the highest summits in the world. Both men were successful until Bell passed away in 1993, after which Hall continued to run the business by himself. After successfully guiding many to the summit of Everest, he decided to issue a 100% guarantee to Everest peak in 1995 (Roberto Carioggia, 2003). Giving out a 100% guarantee by any company relays one of two things: justified confidence in their product or service, or overconfidence by the company in its product or service. In the case of Adventure Consultants, in dealing with one of the most deadly and unpredictable mountains in the world, overconfidence was backing their 100% guarantee. After failing to satisfy that claim in 1995, Hall set out to prove himself again in 1996. Hall recruited eight climbers: three doctors, two climbers who had previously failed to summit Everest, a journalist, and two climbers who had only Everest left to climb to complete climbing the seven summits. The majority of the group lacked any experience with high-altitude climbing (Roberto Carioggia, 2003). Adventure Consultants believed that they could get anyone to the top of the mountain despite their background, or lack thereof, in climbing. The final summit climb would be led by one guide in the front, a second in the middle and finally Hall at the back to assist climbers as needed. Each guide would carry a radio. Perhaps the most important practice was turning around by one o’clock or two o’clock no matter how close to the summit the climbers were. Hall knew this to be a very important and needed rule, as noted by the fact that he relayed to his team that they should be, â€Å"abiding by it no matter how close we were to the top† (Roberto Carioggia, 2003). Mountain Madness Scott Fischer founded Mountain Madness in 1984. Fischer summited Everest without supplemental oxygen in 1994 after failing three previous times, and organized his first guided expedition to the summit of Everest in 1996 (Roberto Carioggia, 2003). Fischer, like Hall, recruited climbers who also lacked the high altitude climbing experience demanded by Everest. A journalist, a sixty-eight year old mountaineer, and his nephew (a downhill skier), a Wall Street trader, a ski patroller, and two others who had previous climbing experience rounded out Fischer’s team of clients. Although Fischer recognized the inexperience of his team, he did not foresee a problem arising from the group’s lack of experience, but instead he focused on the attitude of the group to try to successfully get them to the top of the world and then back down again. Fischer decide to imitate Hall’s climbing plan for the guides to climb spaced out between the clients, as well as specifying a turnaround time at either one or two o’clock (Roberto Carioggia, 2003). Nature of Business Level Strategy Commercializing Everest Despite, or perhaps because of, the vast climbing experience that both leaders had amassed throughout the years, they began to become overconfident in their guiding and climbing abilities. One key fact was that the client base had also changed dramatically. Instead of experienced climbers seeking to finish off the seven summits, these two groups instead included several somewhat narcissistic and entitled customers who wanted to pay for the chance at fame and accomplishment (Elmes Barry, 1999). It became apparent that, for Hall and Fischer, summiting Everest was no longer just about the achievement, but had rather shifted to the acquisition of wealth and increased stature in the mountaineering community. Although this stature could still be achieved through guiding experienced climbers, by offering these services to the public, these companies were more likely to be more profitable as this shift gave them access to a wealthier clientele. Climbing Without Oxygen Climbing at high altitudes without supplemental oxygen puts a huge strain on the already exhausted human body. Two of Fischer’s guides, lead Sherpa Lopsang and guide Boukreev, were climbing without supplemental oxygen, (Elmes Barry, 1999). According to a study done in the Wilderness and Environmental Medicine Journal: The use of supplemental oxygen was found to be strongly correlated with success in summiting Mt Everest. It has been common practice since the first ascent of Mt Everest to use supplemental oxygen because of the extreme altitude of the mountain. Although using supplemental oxygen involves carrying a heavier weight, its benefits include an increase in physical strength and stamina, as well as mental clarity, better decision-making, and a more positive attitude. (Wiseman, Freer, Hung, 2006) One of the primary responsibilities of a guide for an Everest expedition is to be accountable for making decisions for a group of people. Thus, having the physical and mental capacity to make decisions accurately is crucial. It only makes sense that guides and leaders should always use supplemental oxygen as well as being strongly recommended for use by clients, as well. Adhering to the Turnaround Time Despite both leaders discussing the importance of the turnaround time agreed upon before summit day, neither team leader actually enforced this rule. By one o’clock only three of the climbers had reached the summit and by two o’clock only three more climbers had joined them. Seven other climbers joined the group at two thirty. (Roberto Carioggia, 2003). This rule was in place to prevent climbers from being on the mountain after nightfall, yet because it was not observed, climbers found themselves stuck on the mountain through the night. Adhering to this rule alone could have possibly saved the entire group from the tragedy that ensued. Structure and Control Systems of Each Company and Analysis of Fit to Strategy Structure of Adventure Consultants The Adventure Consultants team consisted of the owner (Rob Hall) along with several managers (or guides) and assistants (Sherpas). As the owner and co-founder, Rob Hall was in charge of almost everything for this group. First of all, he employed Mike Groom and Andy Harris as guides and also employed seven Sherpas as assistants. Secondly, he recruited eight clients for the 1996 summit attempt. Thirdly, he also served as a team guide along with Harris and the Sherpas. Finally, he designed the climbing route and schedule and was in charge of the safety protocols and training for his team. Structure of Mountain Madness The Mountain Madness team had a structure very similar to that of the Adventure Consultants group. Scott Fischer had two guides, eight assistants, and several clients. It is notable that Adventure Consultants seemed to have rear servers (other than Hall), which can inferred by the final contact to base camp by Hall; in the other group, Scott Fischer worked as a rear server for the Mountain Madness team alone. Analysis of Fit to Strategy As noted above, the structure of the two teams described in the case study was very straightforward. Rob Hall and Scott Fischer not only led each respective team but also recruited clients to join each of the teams. Client recruitment occurred regardless of a person’s climbing experience or physical conditioning. In fact, Hall’s death was directly related to his recruitment of ill-prepared clients. If Hansen had not been a part of the group, Hall would probably have not stayed on the summit and perished as a result. As mentioned previously, Fischer was exhausted at the beginning of the summit bid because he had to deal with lots of unexpected problems that would normally not be things that a guide would have to deal with. In other words, Fischer should have made a strategic decision to delegate some responsibilities so that he could focus on his responsibilities as a guide. Along the same lines, neither team had technical support. This left them badly prepared for the change in the weather, limited in their communication, and facing a shortage of bottles of oxygen. Based on the structure of each team, they used the following strategies: First of all, after they arrived at Base Camp, the two teams shared their schedule and the planned route to the summit of Everest. Thus, the leaders of these companies had begun to cooperate with each other. However, this cooperation alone did not guarantee good decisions. For example, on the summit day, when Krakauer and Ang Dorje found that there were 500 meters long ropes that needed to be deployed in order to get to the top of the mountain, they made a wrong decision that led to spend over an extra hour in climbing. Second, Fischer and Hall set up instructions that they required others to strictly obey. The most important rule was that the rule about turnaround time which had been emphasized many times by both Fischer and Hall. Another was the rule that the three guides would be located in the front, at the middle, and in the end of each group, respectively. Even though the time (1 pm or 2 pm) at which the climbers should turn around and begin to descend was specifically emphasized, it turned out that most of them, including Fischer and Hall, did not follow this very rule. Another evidence of not following the agreed-upon rules was that Jangbu, a Sherpa, instead of Boukreev or Beidleman, had the radio. Third, the vital decision that directly impacted the two whole teams’ survival was a result of the vote among Hall, Fischer, Boukreev and Kasischke. Kasischke recalled: It was a roaring storm out there at high camp, and I remember in our tent we were arguing . . . and it was three to one that we ought to be waiting. We were concerned that we really hadn’t had a full day of good weather, and we just . . . thought it would be smart to wait a day. I mean, if it were this way 24 hours later, we were going to have a problem trying to get down. (Roberto Carioggia, 2003, p. 10) It is unclear why the other three guides did not participate in this vote or why Kasischke, as a client, had the right to vote. Overall, some of their strategies did not effectively fit the teams’ structures. For example, the group leaders, Hall and Fischer, were not clear about responsibilities and limits of power for each position and they did not set up highly effective ways of communicating among the leaders, guides and assistants. This lack of communication had a negative impact on the success of each team. Recommendations Our team recommends the following changes that should positively impact the future performance of these two groups: 1. Increase the use of delegation by the leaders of each team 2. Employ a technical support staff to assist with weather notification, logistical details, and the use of the most current technologies 3. Clear communication of the importance of and strict adherence to the turnaround time and other safety protocols 4. Use of a baseline cutoff for client physical conditioning, health, and experience