Music 1306

MUSI 1306 Study Guide- ordinal-Century & antiophthalmic factor Non-Western Music The section on twentieth-century unison will involve chapters 1-8, 15-17. Chapters 1-3 will be utilized for the countersign of Non-Western music. It will be necessary to study these chapters, as well as the listening examples contained within, to achieve enough comprehension of these sections. Twentieth-Century Overview (Chapter 1) Within the music of the twentieth century can be seen influences of folk and ordinary music, Asian and African music, and europiuman art music from the Middle Ages through the nineteenth century.The principal parameters of music emotional state color, harmony, tonality, rhythm, and melody chthoniango vast changes in relation to the music of earlier periods. New musical comedy innovations in this period include the prominence of the percussion section, forward-looking ways of playing conventional instruments, polychords, fourth chords, looking clusters, polytonalit y, bitonality, atonality, and polyrhythms. (Chapt. 2) During the twentieth century, radio, television, and recordings had a direct impact on the listening habits of the public. Various institutions regularly commissioned new music.These include b all in allet and opera companies, foundations, orchestras, performers, film studios, and wealthy music lovers. Also impacting the direction of Twentieth-Century music was the expatriation of many famous composers to the United States beca do of World War II, the widespread dissemination of American jazz and popular music, and the role of universities in nourishing new music. (Chapters 3 & 4) Two artistic movements that were to have their musical counterparts in the work of Claude Debussy were impressionist painting and symbolist verse line. The painters Monet, Renoir, and Pissarro represent the impressionist movement in painting.Symbolist poetry is represented by Mallarme, Verlaine, and Rimbaud. Debussy was influenced by Wagner and Asi an music, and he achieved many artistic successes and underwent personal tragedies during the course of his line of achievement and his life in general. (Chapt. 5) Neoclassicism is aptly described as an artistic movement that emphasizes emotional restraint, balance, and clarity. Neoclassical composers utilise musical forms and stylistic elements of earlier periods, particularly of the eighteenth century. Neoclassicism also reflects a reaction against romanticism and impressionism.Major contributions, exterior of music, to the neoclassical style are the poems of T. S. Eliot and the paintings of Pablo Picasso. (Chapt. 6) Stravinskys career is commonly traced from his early age in St. Petersburg, his studies under Rimsky-Korsakov, to his discovery by Sergei Diaghilev. The impact of the Ballet Russe on the entire cultural scene in Europe from 1909 to 1929, the success of Stravinskys three Russian ballets, including the famous 1913 riot, and his emergence as the twentieth centurys m ost celebrated composer are also principal topics of discussion. Chapt. 7) Expressionism is defined as an artistic movement that unhappy intense, subjective emotion. The movement is related to Freuds work with hysteria and the unconscious, and can be seen as a German reaction to French impressionism (Chapt. 8) Arnold Schoenberg, in his early old age, can be seen as a musical autodidact. His artistic progression from the late romantic style of his earliest music through the atonal kit and caboodle to the development of his twelve- refinement system, are crucial to the understanding of future musical developments. Chapt. 15) Aaron Coplands life spans from his early years in Brooklyn, his period of study in France, and his cultivation of the jazz idiom for a few years on his return to the United States. Coplands works undergo distinct stylistic changes, including jazz and twelve-tone styles. Among his known works today are the ballet Appalachian Spring, and this chapter contains a Listening Outline for the seventh section, the matter and variations on Simple Gifts. (Chapt. 16) There have been distinct changes in musical styles since 1945.Among these are the increased use of the twelve-tone system, the growth of serialism and its applications to musical parameters other than pitch, chance music, minimalist music, musical credit entry, the return to tonality, electronic music, the sacking of sound, mixed media, and new concepts of rhythm and form. (Chapt. 17) Some of the more modern innovations since 1945 can be seen in dickens of many important contemporary composers, and their representative compositions Edgard Varese (Poeme electronique), toilette Adams (Short Ride in a Fast Machine). Twentieth Century Listening Claude Debussy Prelude to The Afternoon of a FaunIgor StravinskyThe Rite of Spring Part I, Introduction Arnold Schoenberg A Survivor from Warsaw, Op. 46 Aaron CoplandAppalachian Spring Theme and Variations on Simple Gifts Edgard VareseElectroni c Poem Opening Segment John AdamsShort Ride in a Fast Machine Twentieth Century Terms glissandopolychordfourth chord tone clusterpolytonalitybitonality atonalitypolyrhythmostinato impressionismpentatonic scalewhole-tone scale neoclassicismprimitivismexpressionism Sprechstimmetwelve-tone systemtone row set series serialismminimalist music chance music aleatory music quotation musicmicrotonesNon-Western Music Overview (Chapt. 1) While nonwestern music reflects the diversity of the worlds social and economic systems, languages, religions, and geographical conditions, at that place are some features common to most musical traditions. A distinction can be force between the script tradition of European cultures and the oral tradition of nonwestern music. Also important are improvisational traditions and forthright techniques. In nonwestern music, melody, rhythm, and texture in contrast to harmony and polyphony, and the interaction between nonwestern and western music, are all important topics. Chapt. 2) The African continent can be divided into two large geographical areas, and this chapter focuses on the music of the countries below the Sahara Desert. Topics of discussion also include the place of music in society, permeating intimately all aspects of African life, some of the more important instrument types and ensembles, including the mbira and talking drums, and African texture, vocal techniques, and achievement practices. A representative work described in this chapter is Ompeh, a song from Ghana. (Chapt. 3)A brief survey of music and musicians in India typically focuses on the elements of Indian classical music. The melodic and rhythmic structures (ragas and talas), and the correct identification of the roles of typical Indian instruments, such as the sitar, tabla, and tambura, are also crucial topics in the understanding of music from this region. Ravi Shankars Maru-Bihag is representative of Indian classical music. Non-Western Listening Song from Ghana Ompeh Ravi Shankar Maru-Bihag Non-Western Terms membranophonechordophoneaerophone idiophoneheterphonycall and response tamburaragatala sitartabla